KEY FACTORS ABOUT THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
KEY FACTORS ABOUT THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
- REGIONS : Cervical , Thoracic ,Lumber , Sacral ,Coccygeal .
- TYPICAL VERTEBRA : vertebral body , vertebral arch ( pedicales , lamina) , vertebral processes ( spinous , transverse , articular ) .
- JOINTS: intervertebral disc ,uncovertebral , zygapophyseal ( facet ) cranioverbtebral ( atlanto - occipital , atlanto - axial ) , costovertebral , sacroliac.
- LIGAMENTS : longitudinal ( anterior , posterior ) , ligamenta flava , interspinous , supraspinous , nuchal alar , cruciate ligament of atlas ,costotransverse , ligament of head of rib ( intra - articular , radiate ).
- CURVATURES : cervical lordosis , thoracic kyposis , lumber lordosis , sacral kyposis.
- MOVEMENTS : flexion , extension , lateral flexion, lateral extension, rotation.
- VASCULATURE : segmental arteries and vertebralvenous plexus ( internal and external ) .
- NERVES : meningeal branches of spinal nerves .
